so the meat could be hung to cure. then everyone got busy cutting meat. Some of it was cured, other was fried and covered with lard so it would keep, and more was canned. Every conceivable part of the animal was used. The intestines were cleaned and soaked in salt water. Later these were used for the sausage.

One by one the children left home and married: Christian George Frederick (Fred) married Martha Horn; William IV, Ida Wollin; Ernestine, Chas. Horn. After his death, she married Andrew Hengstler; Wilhemenia married William Prauner; Wm. August, Ottilia Wienck; Anna Marie, Frank Hannan; Henry Conrad (Connie), Marie Huddle; Carl John (John), Amelia Schmidt; Ema Elisa (Lizzie), John Kahler; Katherine Margaretha (Maggie), Arthur Schmidt.

Wm. August Volk was married to Ottilia Wienck on June 23, 1905, in Cleveland, Ohio. They moved to a farm in the NW1/4 of Sec. 9, Twp. 23, Range 2W in Madison County, Nebraska. This land had been owned by David Whitla, and later by Elmer Little. They purchased it and possession was given on March 1, 1906. Later they purchased an additional 120 acres in the NE1/4 of Section 9, Twp. 23, Range 2W. In 1922, they built an addition to the house. While the house was being built, the family lived in a new building which is now used as a machine shed. The boys continued to sleep upstairs in the old part of the house.

Of course, as with anyone else, the drouth years were a nightmare. Not a penny to spend unless it was an absolute necessity. Payments had to be made on additional land being purchased. For extra income, trees were sawed down, then sawed into stove lengths and chopped in pieces. This was then hauled into town and sold for $3.00 for a large wagon box.

Most everyone had chickens then but no one went to town to the hatchery to buy them. The chicks were hatched by a 100-egg incubator. They were kept warm by an old stove fired by wood. Many nights there was little sleep for sitting up with the chicks and firing the stove. The chicks ran out during the day, but oh, when the rains came! Everyone ran to get the chicks in and by the time the chicks were in, the rain had either stopped or half of them were drowned before anyone found them. Of course, there was also the year the hogs all died of cholera and the calves got sick. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. August Volk: Alfred John, Edna (Mrs. Otto Borchers), Martin, Edwin Albert, Elinor (Mrs. Chas. Messerschmidt) and Arthur August. Mr. and Mrs. Volk retired to Battle Creek in 1946 when Edwin was married and moved on the farm.

—Mrs. Edwin Volk

George Steger Hurford was born in Canton, Ohio, September 29, 1826. He received his education in the common schools of his native state.

In 1852 he was married to Katherine Hull who was also a

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